System and Method for Interoperability Between Multiple Networks

ABSTRACT

Systems and methods for interoperating between real time networks. Systems may include a plurality of ports and switch circuitry coupled to the plurality of ports. At least one port may be coupled to a first real time network carrying first traffic. One or more other ports may be coupled to a second real time network carrying second traffic. Switch circuitry may route packets between the first real time network and the one or more second real time networks based on a mapping. Routing information may be inserted in packets routed from the one or more second real time networks to the first real time network and routing information may be removed from the packets routed from the first real time network to the one or more second real time networks. Packets may be routed based on the mapping to distinct queues for the first and second traffic.

CONTINUATION AND PRIORITY DATA

This application is a Continuation-In-Part of U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 14/054,227, titled “System and Method for InteroperabilityBetween Multiple Networks”, filed Oct. 15, 2013, whose inventors areSundeep Chandhoke, Rodney W. Cummings, Changzhe Gao, and Brian KeithOdom, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety asthough fully and completely set forth herein.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of time-sensitive (TS)networks, and more particularly to systems and methods forinteroperability between networks, including managing the configurationof virtual local area network (VLAN) tags and data flow paths betweenreal time networks with differing protocols, synchronization of clocksbetween networks, and/or scheduling data egress.

DESCRIPTION OF THE RELATED ART

In the industrial or embedded application field multiple real-timeEthernet implementations are available. Although similar in function,each implementation differs enough from the others that they areinoperable with each other. For example, PROFINET, Ethernet for ControlAutomation Technology (EtherCAT), Ethernet Industrial Protocol(Ethernet/IP), and Ethernet Powerlink all use the same Ethernet physicallayer but are not interoperable amongst themselves. Additionally, thesereal-time Ethernet implementations cannot connect to standard IEEE 802.1switches because the implementation of the media access control (MAC)layer used by each is customized to support its own proprietaryprotocol. Thus, since there is a multitude of existing deployments ofreal-time Ethernet based protocols, there is a need to define how theseexisting proprietary technologies can coexist and interoperate withstandard IEEE 802.1 Ethernet technologies.

For example, the features that add real time data transfer support tostandard Ethernet under IEEE 802.1 are collectively called TimeSensitive (TS) Networking. These features define stream reservation andtime based scheduling in IEEE 802.1 in Ethernet switches. One the onehand, stream reservation guarantees bandwidth forreal-time/time-sensitive streams, e.g., packets, end to end. On theother hand, time-based scheduling allows configuration of “windows oftime” when only specific packets are allowed to egress a switch. These“windows of time” may be coordinated with transmission of time-sensitivepackets (TS packets), by endpoints to minimize the age of a data stream,i.e., the latency of the data stream, as it passes through the network.Use of such “windows of time” may also bound or limit the maximumlatency of the stream from the producer to the consumers such that aprecise schedule may be determined.

TS networking is based on Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) techniques.A VLAN is a distinct isolated broadcast domain. VLANs are partitionedout of local area networks (LANs) and can only pass data between eachother via a router or routers. Additionally, VLAN allows a switchednetwork to be logically segmented on an organizational basis. In otherwords, the network can be segmented by functions or applications ratherthan on a physical or geographical basis. A TS network predefinesspecific VLAN tags which allow identification of a TS packet as it isrouted through a LAN.

A TS network interface controller (NIC) supports TS networking featuresvia multiple queues. The queues segregate LAN traffic based on VLANtags. However, as mentioned above, prior art real-time network devicestypically implement a custom MAC which is not IEEE 802.1 compliant, andthus, not compatible with TS networks. Therefore, there is a need for asolution to allow interoperability between TS networks and prior artreal-time networks, including the need to synchronize clocks betweennetworks and/or the need to schedule data egress.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Various embodiments of systems and methods for interoperability betweennetworks, including managing the configuration of virtual local areanetwork (VLAN) tags and data flow paths between real time networkscarrying different traffic, synchronization of clocks between networks,and scheduling data egress are presented below.

In one embodiment, a system for interoperating between real timenetworks may include a plurality of ports and switch circuitry coupledto the plurality of ports. At least one port may be coupled to a firstreal time network carrying first traffic. The first traffic may includefirst real time traffic and best effort traffic. One or more other portsmay be coupled to one or more second real time networks carrying secondtraffic. The second traffic may include only second real time traffic.The switch circuitry may be configured with a mapping that specifiesdata routing between the plurality of ports and may accordingly routepackets between the first real time network and the one or more secondreal time networks based on the mapping, thereby maintaining real timebehavior between (or of) the first real time traffic and the second realtime traffic. The switch circuitry may insert routing information inpackets routed from the one or more second real time networks to thefirst real time network and may remove routing information from thepackets routed from the first real time network to the one or moresecond real time networks. Further, the switch circuitry may routepackets based on the mapping to distinct queues for the first trafficand the second traffic for processing by an application executing on atleast one device.

In another embodiment, a system for interoperating between real timenetworks may include a network switch. The network switch may includeswitch circuitry, at least one port coupled to a first real time networkcarrying first traffic, and one or more additional, other, ports coupledrespectively to one or more second real time networks carrying secondtraffic. Similar to above, the first traffic may include first real timetraffic and best effort traffic, and the second traffic may include onlysecond real time traffic. The switch circuitry may be coupled to theports and configured with a mapping that specifies data routing betweenthe ports. The switch circuitry may be configured to route packetsbetween the first real time network and the one or more second real timenetworks based on the mapping in order to maintain real time behaviorbetween (or of) the first real time traffic and the second real timetraffic. During operation, the switch circuitry may insert routinginformation in packets routed from the one or more second real timenetworks to the first real time network and may remove routinginformation from the packets routed from the first real time network tothe one or more second real time networks.

The system may also include a first device coupled to the networkswitch. An application may execute on the first device and the firstdevice may include at least two first queue pairs for the first trafficand one or more respective second queue pairs for the second traffic forthe one or more second real time networks. The switch circuitry may beconfigured to route packets, based on the mapping, to one or more queuesof the first queue pairs and to one or more queues of the respectivesecond queue pairs for processing by the application executing on thefirst.

Exemplary embodiments may also include configuration and operation ofthe switch circuitry, per embodiments of the above techniques.

In further embodiments, the first device may be configured to time stampingress and egress of packets to/from the first queue pairs and thesecond queue pairs, and the application may correlate clocksynchronization information of the first real time network and the oneor more second real time networks based on the time stamps.

Additionally, in some embodiments the switch circuitry may include oneor more functional units configured to perform the routing of packetsbetween the first real time network and the one or more second real timenetworks, the inserting routing information, the removing routinginformation, and the routing packets to the first queue pairs and thesecond queue pairs.

In one embodiment, a network node may include the network switch and thefirst device. The network node may be configured as a bridge between thefirst real time network and at least one of the one or more second realtime networks.

In one embodiment, a system for synchronizing real time networks mayinclude a first device located on a first real time network. The devicemay include a functional unit, a port coupled to the functional unit,and a plurality of output queues, coupled to the functional unit and theport, and configured for segregation of network packets based on amapping of one or more additional real time networks to respectiveoutput queues. The functional unit may be configured to, for each of theone or more additional real time networks, generate synchronizationpackets based on a master clock. The packets (e.g., network packets) maybe usable by a network timekeeper (e.g., master clock of the network) ofthe (respective) additional real time network to synchronize the(respective) additional real time network to the master clock.Additionally, the functional unit may be configured to store thesynchronization packets in a respective output queue based on themapping and send the synchronization packets to the network timekeeperof the additional real time network via the port. Exemplary embodimentsmay include configuration and operation of the functional unit, perembodiments of the above techniques.

In further embodiments, the functional unit, the port, and the pluralityof output queues may be included in a first device on a first real timenetwork that is separate and distinct from the one or more additionalreal time networks. Thus, the first device may be comprised in a networknode of the first real time network and the network node may include anetwork switch. Additionally, or alternatively, the master clock may beexternal to the first real time network. In one embodiment, the masterclock may be a network time keeper of one of the one or more additionalreal time networks. In another embodiment, the master clock may be anetwork master clock of the first real time network and may be includedin a network switch of the first real time network. In one embodiment,the master clock may be synchronized to a global clock external to theone or more additional real time networks.

In some embodiments, the system may include a clock, coupled to thefunctional unit and synchronized to the master clock, and a time stampunit coupled to the functional unit and the clock. In such embodiments,the functional unit may be configured to use the time stamp unit togenerate time stamps for the synchronization packets in accordance withthe clock.

In certain embodiments, the functional unit may be configured to, foreach of the one or more additional real time networks, egress thesynchronization packets via the respective output queue based on aspecified egress period and the specified egress period may specify atime window and frequency for egressing the synchronization packets.

In one embodiment, a network switch for scheduled data egress mayinclude switch circuitry, a plurality of ports coupled to the switchcircuitry and a plurality of queues coupled to the switch circuitry andthe plurality of ports. Each port may be associated with a respectiveset of routing information for network packets and each port may beconfigured with a respective set of egress periods. Additionally, eachnetwork packet may have respective routing information and a type thatspecifies a respective egress period. Each queue may be associated witha respective network packet type and a port of the plurality of ports.

The switch circuitry may be configured to receive one or more networkpackets non-deterministically from a network node of a real time networkand deterministically route each network packet based on the routinginformation and type of the network packet. Additionally, to route eachnetwork packet, the switch circuitry may be configured to determine aport of the plurality of ports based on the routing information of thenetwork packet, and determine an egress period for the network packetbased on the type of the network packet. Further, the switch circuitrymay be configured to store the network packet in a queue coupled to theport based on the egress period if the network packet cannot currentlybe egressed, and to provide the network packet from the port during theegress period, thereby deterministically egressing the network packet.Exemplary embodiments may include configuration and operation of theswitch circuitry, per embodiments of the above techniques.

In one embodiment, configuring the switch circuitry to deterministicallyroute the network packets configures the network switch to offload thescheduling of the network packets from the network node to the networkswitch.

In another embodiment, the switch circuitry, in order to determine ifthe current packet may be egressed, may be configured to determine thata respective time window for egress of the network packet is closed,determine that there is already a queued network packet of the same typestored in the queue for egress, or determine that the port is currentlyegressing a network packet.

In one embodiment, the switch circuitry may receive a group of two ormore network packets at substantially the same time. In suchembodiments, each egress period may specify a respective time window andfrequency for egressing network packets and the respective time windowof the determined egress period allows egress of only one of the two ormore network packets. In certain embodiments, each egress period mayspecify a respective time window and frequency for egressing networkpackets wherein the switch circuitry may be configured to determine aquantity of the two or more network packets to egress during thedetermined egress period and configure the respective time window toallow the egress of the quantity during the determined egress period.

In another embodiment, the switch circuitry may include one or morefunctional units and the one or more functional units may be configuredto perform the determining a port, the determining an egress period, thestoring the network packet, and the egressing the network packet.

In some embodiments, all data transfers within a real time network maybe scheduled in such a way as to minimize latency. Such scheduling mayenable coordinated transfer times on a bus to minimize collisions in thenetwork switch(es) (where such collisions could cause queuing delays,and thus increase latency). To achieve this, in one embodiment, a globalschedule may be generated that provides time-based transmissionschedules to nodes and time-window configuration to network switches.The transmission time for a network packet on a node may be calculatedby taking cable propagation time and internal node and switchtransmission delays into account. This may enable the network packet totravel from a sending node to a receiving node, transiting through eachswitch at the exact time when the switch's time-based window is “open”.Thus the transmission time between a sending node and a receiving nodemay be minimized. To integrate real time networks that are notinteroperable with each other, the global time-based schedule may beextended to include the network packets transmitted between the variousreal time networks. The systems and methods described above, includingthe synchronization of clocks between real time networks may aid inimplementing and maintaining the global time-based schedule.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

A better understanding of the present invention can be obtained when thefollowing detailed description of the preferred embodiment is consideredin conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is an exemplary block diagram of a real-time network according toembodiments;

FIG. 2 is an exemplary block diagram of a system for allowinginteroperability between real-time networks according to embodiments;

FIG. 3 is an exemplary block diagram of a system for allowinginteroperability between real-time networks according to embodiments;

FIG. 4 is an exemplary block diagram of a real-time network interfacecontroller (NIC) according to one embodiment;

FIG. 5 illustrates an exemplary system for routing packets according toone embodiment;

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary system for routing packets according toanother embodiment;

FIG. 7 illustrates an exemplary system for routing packets according toan embodiment;

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary system for routing according to anembodiment;

FIGS. 9A and 9B are flowchart diagrams illustrating methods forconfiguring the routing packets between real time networks according toembodiments;

FIG. 10 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method of routing packetsbetween real time networks according to one embodiment;

FIG. 11 is an exemplary block diagram of a real-time NIC according toone embodiment;

FIG. 12 illustrates an exemplary system for synchronizing clocks betweenreal-time networks according to one embodiment;

FIG. 13 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method for configuring thesynchronizing clocks between real-time networks according to oneembodiment;

FIG. 14 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method for synchronizingclocks between real-time networks according to one embodiment;

FIG. 15 is an exemplary block diagram of a real-time network switchaccording to one embodiment;

FIG. 16 is an illustration of a time-based scheduled egress from areal-time network switch according to one embodiment;

FIG. 17 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method for configuringscheduled data egress from a network switch according to one embodiment;and

FIG. 18 is a flowchart diagram illustrating a method for scheduled dataegress from a network switch according to one embodiment.

While the invention is susceptible to various modifications andalternative forms, specific embodiments thereof are shown by way ofexample in the drawings and are herein described in detail. It should beunderstood, however, that the drawings and detailed description theretoare not intended to limit the invention to the particular formdisclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover allmodifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the spiritand scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Incorporation by Reference

The following reference is hereby incorporated by reference in itsentirety as though fully and completely set forth herein:

(6888-57801) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/054,227, titled “Systemand Method for Interoperability Between Multiple Networks”, filed Oct.15, 2013.

(6888-58001) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/054,443, titled “Systemand Method for Synchronizing a Master Clock Between Networks”, filedOct. 15, 2013.

(6888-58401) U.S. patent application Ser. No. 14/054,566, titled“Time-Sensitive Switch for Scheduled Data Egress”, filed Oct. 15, 2013.

Terms

The following is a glossary of terms used in the present application:

Computer System—any of various types of computing or processing systems,including a personal computer system (PC), mainframe computer system,workstation, network appliance, Internet appliance, personal digitalassistant (PDA), television system, grid computing system, or otherdevice or combinations of devices. In general, the term “computersystem” can be broadly defined to encompass any device (or combinationof devices) having at least one processor that executes instructionsfrom a memory medium.

Measurement Device—includes instruments, data acquisition devices, smartsensors, and any of various types of devices that are configured toacquire and/or store data. A measurement device may also optionally befurther configured to analyze or process the acquired or stored data.Examples of a measurement device include an instrument, such as atraditional stand-alone “box” instrument, a computer-based instrument(instrument on a card) or external instrument, a data acquisition card,a device external to a computer that operates similarly to a dataacquisition card, a smart sensor, one or more DAQ or measurement cardsor modules in a chassis, an image acquisition device, such as an imageacquisition (or machine vision) card (also called a video capture board)or smart camera, a motion control device, a robot having machine vision,and other similar types of devices. Exemplary “stand-alone” instrumentsinclude oscilloscopes, multimeters, signal analyzers, arbitrary waveformgenerators, spectroscopes, and similar measurement, test, or automationinstruments.

A measurement device may be further configured to perform controlfunctions, e.g., in response to analysis of the acquired or stored data.For example, the measurement device may send a control signal to anexternal system, such as a motion control system or to a sensor, inresponse to particular data. A measurement device may also be configuredto perform automation functions, i.e., may receive and analyze data, andissue automation control signals in response.

Functional Unit (or Processing Element)—refers to various elements orcombinations of elements. Processing elements include, for example,circuits such as an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit),portions or circuits of individual processor cores, entire processorcores, individual processors, programmable hardware devices such as afield programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or larger portions of systemsthat include multiple processors, as well as any combinations thereof.

Automatically—refers to an action or operation performed by a computersystem (e.g., software executed by the computer system) or device (e.g.,circuitry, programmable hardware elements, ASICs, etc.), without userinput directly specifying or performing the action or operation. Thusthe term “automatically” is in contrast to an operation being manuallyperformed or specified by the user, where the user provides input todirectly perform the operation. An automatic procedure may be initiatedby input provided by the user, but the subsequent actions that areperformed “automatically” are not specified by the user, i.e., are notperformed “manually”, where the user specifies each action to perform.For example, a user filling out an electronic form by selecting eachfield and providing input specifying information (e.g., by typinginformation, selecting check boxes, radio selections, etc.) is fillingout the form manually, even though the computer system must update theform in response to the user actions. The form may be automaticallyfilled out by the computer system where the computer system (e.g.,software executing on the computer system) analyzes the fields of theform and fills in the form without any user input specifying the answersto the fields. As indicated above, the user may invoke the automaticfilling of the form, but is not involved in the actual filling of theform (e.g., the user is not manually specifying answers to fields butrather they are being automatically completed). The presentspecification provides various examples of operations beingautomatically performed in response to actions the user has taken.

Concurrent—refers to parallel execution or performance, where tasks,processes, or programs are performed in an at least partiallyoverlapping manner. For example, concurrency may be implemented using“strong” or strict parallelism, where tasks are performed (at leastpartially) in parallel on respective computational elements, or using“weak parallelism”, where the tasks are performed in an interleavedmanner, e.g., by time multiplexing of execution threads.

Internet Protocol (IP)—refers to the networking model and a set ofprotocols for communication used for networks such as the Internet.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)—refers to a core protocol of theinternet protocol suite and provides delivery of a stream of octetsbetween programs running on computers connected to a local area network,intranet, or the public Internet.

Ethernet—refers to a family of computer networking technologies forlocal area networks (LANs) as standardized in IEEE 802.3.

Local Area Network (LAN)—refers to a computer network that interconnectscomputers in a limited geographical area such as an office building oroffice complex.

Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN)—refers to a computer network that islogically segmented on an organizational basis, in other words,segmentation is based on functions or applications rather than on aphysical or geographic basis as is the case with LANs.

Media Access Control (MAC) Layer—refers to the sub-layer of amulti-layer computer network model which provides addressing and channelaccess control mechanisms that enable communication between multiplenetwork nodes that share a common medium, such as Ethernet. MAC layeracts as an interface between the logical link control sub-layer and thenetwork's physical (PHY) layer.

Time-Sensitive (TS) Network—refers to networks adhering to the IEEE802.1 standard for real-time data transfer.

Time-Sensitive (TS) Packet—refers to specific packets of data routedthrough a TS network that contain time-sensitive data. May includepackets from a non-IEEE 802.1 compliant real-time network with a VLANtag inserted using embodiments of the present invention.

Isochronous—refers generally to events that occur regularly, or in otherwords, at equal time intervals.

Asynchronous—refers generally to events that occur irregularly, or inother words, at unscheduled and intermittent time intervals.

FIG. 1—Exemplary Real-Time Network

FIG. 1 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a real-time networkaccording to embodiments. The network switch 100 may be configured inaccordance with various embodiments of the present invention asdescribed below in more detail. Additionally, network nodes, such asnetwork nodes 115, 125, 135, and 175 may be configured according tovarious embodiments as described below in more detail.

As FIG. 1 shows, in one embodiment, the network switch 100 may include aplurality of ports, e.g., 110 a to 110 f, coupled to a functional unitand switch circuitry. The term functional unit is used in its broadestsense and refers to various elements or combinations of elements, suchas, for example, circuits such as an ASIC (Application SpecificIntegrated Circuit), portions or circuits of individual processor cores,entire processor cores, individual processors, programmable hardwaredevices such as a field programmable gate array (FPGA), and/or largerportions of systems that include multiple processors, as well as anycombinations thereof. In certain embodiments the functional unit may beincluded in switch circuitry. Additionally, in some embodiments, theswitch circuitry may include additional functional units.

In certain embodiments, the network switch may be included in a systemfor interoperating between real-time networks with differing protocols,such as a time-sensitive network as defined by IEEE 802.1 and one ormore prior art real-time networks, such as PROFINET, which usesstandards such as TCP/IP and Ethernet along with a mechanism for realtime and isochronous real time communication, EtherCAT, which is an openhigh performance Ethernet-based fieldbus system, Ethernet/IP, which isdesigned for use in process control and other industrial automationapplications, Ethernet Powerlink, which is a deterministic real-timeprotocol for standard Ethernet, among others. Thus, as shown, networkswitch 100 may allow for interoperation between real time networks 145and 155.

In such embodiments, a first port, such as port 110 c, of the pluralityof ports 110 a to 110 f, may be configured to couple to a real timenetwork, such as real time network 155. Note that real time network 155may carry traffic including only real time traffic. Thus, for example,real time network 155 may be a proprietary real-time Ethernetimplementation such PROFINET, EtherCAT, Ethernet/IP, or EthernetPowerlink, among others. Additionally, a second port of the networkswitch 100, such as ports 110 d or 110 f, may be coupled to a node ofanother real time network, such as nodes 175 and 115. Note that nodes175 and 115 may be included in a real time network that carries trafficincluding both real time and best effort traffic, such as an IEEE 802.1compliant network. In some embodiments, switch circuitry may be coupledto the plurality of ports of switch 100 and may be configured with amapping that specifies data routing between the plurality of ports. Inone embodiment, the switch circuitry may be configured to route packetsbetween the real time networks, such as real time networks 115 and 155,based on the mapping. In such embodiments, the mapping and routing maymaintain the real time behavior between the real time networks. Further,the_switch circuitry may insert routing information in packets routedfrom real time network 155 to real time network 115 and may removerouting information from the packets routed from network 115 to network155.

In some embodiments, each port of network switch 100 may be associatedwith a respective set of routing information for network packets. Insuch embodiments, each port may be configured with a respective set ofegress periods and each network packet may have respective routinginformation and a type that may specify a respective egress period.Further, a plurality of queues may be coupled to the plurality of portsand the switch circuitry of network switch 100 and each queue may beassociated with a respective network packet type and a port of theplurality of ports. Accordingly, the switch circuitry may be configuredto receive one or more network packets non-deterministically from anetwork node of a real time network and deterministically route eachnetwork packet based on the routing information and type of the networkpacket. Additionally, to route each network packet, the switch circuitrymay be configured to determine a port of the plurality of ports based onthe routing information of the network packet and determine an egressperiod for the network packet based on the type of the network packet.It should be noted that if the network packet cannot currently beegressed, the switch circuitry may be configured to store the networkpacket in a queue coupled to the port based on the egress period andprovide the network packet from the port during the egress period todeterministically egressing the network packet.

In some embodiments, a network node, e.g., network node 135 or 175, mayinclude a network interface controller (NIC). In other embodiments, anetwork node, e.g., network node 115 or 125, may include a functionalunit, a port coupled to the functional unit, and a plurality of outputqueues, coupled to the functional unit and the port. The output queuesmay be configured for segregation of network packets based on a mappingof additional real time networks to respective output queues. Further,the functional unit may configured to, for each of the additional realtime networks, generate synchronization packets that may be based on amaster clock and may be usable by a network timekeeper of the additionalreal time network to synchronize the additional real time network to themaster clock. Additionally, the functional unit may be configured tostore the synchronization packets in a respective output queue based onthe mapping and send the synchronization packets to the networktimekeeper of the additional real time network via the port.

FIGS. 2-3: Exemplary Systems for Interoperability Between Networks

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary system for interoperabilitybetween networks, such as real time networks 350 and 250. It should benoted that although real time network 350 is illustrated as encompassingnetwork switch 200, NIC 300, and device 325, it is envisioned thatnetwork 350 may include one or more network switches, one or morenetwork nodes, such as NICs, and one or more devices. In someembodiments the system for interoperating between a first real timenetwork, such as network 350, and a second real time network, such asnetwork 250, may include a network switch, such as network switch 200,and a NIC, such as NIC 300.

In an exemplary embodiment, network switch 200 may include a pluralityof ports 210 a-210 e and switch circuitry 205 coupled to the pluralityof ports. Note that in some embodiments, switch circuitry 205 mayinclude one or more functional units. At least one port, e.g., port 210e, may be coupled to node operating in the first real time network,e.g., node 300 or real time network 350. Real time network 350 may carryfirst traffic. In one embodiment, the first traffic may include besteffort traffic and first real time traffic. Additionally, additionalports, such as, port 210 a, may be configured to couple to a node of asecond real time network, such as real time network 250. Real timenetwork 250 may carry second traffic and the second traffic may includeonly second real time traffic.

In one embodiment, switch circuitry 205 may be coupled to the ports 210a-210 e and may be configured with a mapping that specifies data routingbetween the ports. Thus, switch circuitry 205 may be configured to routepackets between a first real time network, such as real time network350, and the one or more second real time networks, such as real timenetwork 250, based on the mapping and may maintain real time behaviorbetween (or of) the first real time traffic and the second real timetraffic. In one embodiment, during operation, the switch circuitry 205may insert routing information in packets routed from real time network250 to real time network 350 and may remove routing information from thepackets routed from real time network 350 to real time network 250.Additionally, in an exemplary embodiment, switch circuitry 205 may beconfigured to route packets to distinct queues for the first traffic andthe second traffic for processing by an application executing on atleast one device, such as device 325. Further, the routing of thepackets to the distinct queues may be performed based on the mapping. Itshould be noted that device 325 may be or include any of: instruments,data acquisition devices, smart sensors, or any of various types ofdevices that are configured to acquire and/or store data. In otherwords, device 325 may be or include a measurement device or multiplemeasurement devices.

In one embodiment, the distinct queues may include queue pairsassociated with first traffic and additional queue pairs associated withsecond traffic. In such embodiments, switch circuitry 205 may be furtherconfigured to time stamp ingress and egress of packets to/from the firstqueue pairs and the one or more second queue pairs and the applicationmay correlate clock synchronization information of the real time network350 and real time network 250 based on the time stamps.

In certain embodiments, additional ports of the network switch, e.g.,one or more other ports of the plurality of ports of the network switch,such as ports 210 b-210 d of network switch 200, may each be configuredto couple to a corresponding other second real time network, e.g., areal time network carrying only second traffic. In other words,exemplary ports 210 b-210 d may be configured to couple to acorresponding second real time network.

Although switch circuitry 205 has been described as being included innetwork switch 200, it is envisioned that in various embodiments, switchcircuitry 205 may be distributed throughout various devices and/or nodeswithin the real time network. Thus, for example, switch circuitry 205may include multiple functional units and the functional units may bedistributed across the real time network. Thus, at least one of themultiple functional units may be included in the network switch asdescribed above and an additional functional unit may be include in adevice, e.g., device 325. In one embodiment a network node may includeboth a network switch, such as switch 200, and a device, such as device325. In further embodiments, the network node may be configured as abridge between the real time networks.

In yet other embodiments, a network node may include a NIC, such as NIC300. Additionally, the network node may include a device, such as device325. In an exemplary embodiment, the device may be or include anembedded device. The embedded device may include one or more measurementdevices.

Further, in some embodiments, the network node may include both a NIC,such as NIC 300, and a network switch, such as network switch 200. Insuch embodiments, the network node may also include a device, such asdevice 325. In an exemplary embodiment, the device may be or include anembedded device. In some embodiments, the embedded device may includeone or more measurement devices. Additionally, in some embodiments, thenetwork node may be configured as a bridge between real time networks.The system may further include one or more additional network nodes,which in conjunction with the network node, form a plurality of networknodes. Each network node may include a NIC and a network switch with thefunctionalities disclosed above, and each network node of the pluralityof network nodes may be configured as a bridge between the real timenetworks.

FIG. 3 is a block diagram of another exemplary system forinteroperability between networks, such as real time network 355,configured to carry first traffic (which may include first real timetraffic and best effort traffic) and real time network 250, configuredto carry second traffic (which may include only second real timetraffic). Note that blocks with similar or the same functionality asblocks previously described above in reference to FIG. 2 are labeledsimilarly. Thus, real time network 250 may have the same or similarfunctionality as real time network 250 of FIG. 2. Similarly, device 325of FIG. 2 may have the same or similar functionality as device 325 ofFIG. 3.

In an exemplary embodiment, a network node 400 for interoperatingbetween real time network 355 and real time network 250 may include afunctional unit 405 and a plurality of ports, e.g., ports 410 a-410 e,coupled to functional unit 405. A first port, e.g., port 410 a, may beconfigured to couple to a network node of real time network 250.Additionally, network node 400 may include a plurality of second trafficreceive packet queues, e.g., queues 420 a-420 n, coupled to functionalunit 405. The second traffic receive packet queues may be configured tostore received packets from respective real time networks carryingsecond traffic, where a first second traffic receive packet queue, e.g.,receive packet queue 420 a, corresponds to real time network 250.Network node 400 may further include a plurality of second traffictransmit packet queues, e.g., queues 430 a-430 n, coupled to functionalunit 405. The second traffic transmit packet queues may be configured tostore packets received from a device coupled to network node 400, suchas device 325. Thus, for example, second traffic transmit packet queue430 a may correspond to queue 420 a and store packets for transmissionto real time network 250.

In some embodiments, functional unit 405 may be configured tocommunicate tagged packets with the real time network 355 via a secondport, e.g., one of ports 410 b-410 e. In such embodiments, the secondport, e.g., port 410 b, may be configured to couple to another networknode of real time network 355 and functional unit 405 may forwardpackets received from real time network 250 to real time network 355 viathe second port. Additionally, the second port, e.g., port 410 b, may beconfigured to receive packets from real time network 355 and thefunctional unit may forward the packets received via the second port tothe first port.

Further, functional unit 405 may be configured to insert a VLAN tagindicating real time network 250 into each packet received from realtime network 250 by the first port, e.g., port 410 a, before routingeach packet to either the second port, e.g., port 410 b, one or moreother ports of the plurality of ports, e.g., ports 410 c-410 e, or tothe first second traffic receive packet queue, e.g., queue 420 a,thereby generating tagged packets. Also, the functional unit may beconfigured to remove the VLAN tag from each VLAN tagged packet receivedby the second port (e.g., port 410 b), the one or more other ports(e.g., ports 410 c-410 e), or from the second traffic transmit packetqueue that corresponds to the first second traffic receive packet queue,e.g., queue 430 a, before forwarding, via the first port (e.g., port 410a), each received VLAN tagged packet to a node of real time network 250.

In certain embodiments, functional unit 405 may be configured to queueat least a subset of tagged packets received by network node 400 insecond traffic receive packet queue 420 a for subsequent provision todevice 325. Additionally, functional unit 405 may be configured to queuepackets received from device 325 in second traffic transmit packet queue430 a before forwarding each packet to port 410 a, thereby generatingtagged packets.

It should be noted that the number and labels of the various ports,queues, and networks disclosed herein are exemplary only, and are notintended to limit the ports, queues, and networks to any particularnumber, form, or function.

FIGS. 4-8: Exemplary Implementations of Devices and Systems forInteroperability Between Real Time Networks

FIGS. 4 through 8 illustrate implementations of embodiments of thepresent techniques to allow interoperability between real time networks.The implementations described herein are for explanation purposes onlyand are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to anyparticular form, architecture, or functionality. Each implementation mayuse all or a portion of the embodiments described above in reference toFIGS. 1-3.

FIG. 4 is a high level block diagram of an exemplary implementation of anetwork interface controller (NIC) with support for a real time networkcarrying first traffic, defined above. In some embodiments, the NIC maybe included in a network node. Additionally, the network node mayinclude or be coupled to a device, such as a measurement device. In someembodiments, the device may include an embedded device which may includea physical interface and a bus/memory interface, including anapplication and configuration interface.

The NIC may include a functional unit configured to implement the logicdescribed herein. For example, the functional unit may be configured tocontrol the VLAN data management block as well as the dynamic memoryaccess (DMA) block. Additionally, the functional unit may be coupled toand communicate with the physical layer (PHY), the media access layer(MAC), and time stamp unit(s) (TSU) of the NIC. Note that in someembodiments, the PHY may include a TSU.

In some embodiments, the functional unit, via the VLAN data managementblock, may segregate traffic based on VLAN tags, such as the VLAN tagsdescribed above. The VLAN data management block may be coupled to aplurality of transmit (Tx) queues and a plurality of receive (Rx)queues. In some embodiments, a subset of the Tx queues may include aplurality of second traffic (as defined above) transmit packet queues.Similarly, a subset of the Rx queues may include a plurality of secondtraffic receive packet queues. The DMA block may be configured viasoftware to read and write data to the embedded device via theapplication interface. Data received by the NIC, such as tagged packetsfrom a real time network carrying second traffic, are routed to the VLANdata management block which segregates the data into the appropriate Rxqueue. Then, the DMA block may read the data from the Rx queue and writethe data to the embedded device. Additionally, the embedded device maygenerate data which is read by the DMA block and written to theappropriate Tx queue.

FIG. 5 is an example topology of a system allowing interoperabilitybetween a first real time network, e.g., real time network A, and secondreal time network, e.g., real time network B, although the topologyshown, and the various elements included therein, are meant to beexemplary only. The first real time network may carry first traffic,including first real time traffic and best effort traffic, and thesecond real time network may carry second traffic, including only secondreal time traffic. The first real time network may include a networkswitch which allows the interoperability between the real time networks.The network switch may include any features, in any combination, of theembodiments described above in reference to network switches 100, 200,and 400. The network switch 500 may include multiple ports, e.g., portsA-E. In the embodiment shown, ports A, B, and E are each coupled to anetwork node. Port A may be coupled to node 530 which may be similar andhave the same or similar functionality to NIC 300 or the functionalitydescribed above in reference to the NIC of FIG. 4. In this particularexample, node 530 may be coupled to embedded device EB530. Note,however, that node 530 may alternatively include embedded device EB530.Similar to port A, port B may be coupled to node 540, where node 540 mayhave similar or the same functionality as node 530. Node 540 may becoupled to or include embedded device EB540. Additionally, port E may becoupled to node 520. Node 520 may include both a NIC and a networkswitch. The NIC of node 520 may be coupled to or include embedded deviceEB520. Further, as disclosed above, node 520 may have multiplefunctional units or a single functional unit. In other words, node 520may include a first functional unit to control the network switch and asecond functional unit to control the NIC or node 520 may have a singlefunctional unit to control both the NIC and network switch. Also, node520 may be configured as a bridge and may be coupled to node 510 via aport of the network switch of node 520. TS node 510 may be similar tonode 520 and include both a NIC and network switch. Embedded deviceEB510 may be included in or coupled to node 510.

Ports D and C of the network switch may be coupled to networks or nodesother than networks or network nodes. For example, port D may be coupledto an Ethernet network, such as Internet/LAN 165 whereas port C may becoupled to a node of real time network B, such as node 550. Node 550 mayinclude or be coupled to embedded device EB550. Further, node 550 may beconfigured as a bridge to node 560 which may be coupled to or includeembedded device EB560. In other words, node 510 may include both a NICand a switch.

In order to allow interoperability between the networks, e.g., betweennodes 510-540 of real time network A and nodes 550 and 560 of real timenetwork B, network switch 500 may include or implement embodiments ofthe invention as described above. For example, switch circuitry includedin network switch 500 may be configured to insert a VLAN tag into eachpacket received via port C. In other words, each packet received fromthe real time network B may be tagged, for example with “VLAN 3”.Further, the switch circuitry may be configured to remove VLAN tags fromeach packet received via port A before forwarding each packet to realtime network B via port C. Thus, packets received via port A andcontaining the tag “VLAN 3” would have the tag removed prior to thepacket being forwarded to real time network B port C. Note that in theconfiguration as described, only port A may egress packets tagged with“VLAN 3”, e.g., packets received from real time network B via port C.All other ports are configured to discard packets with the “VLAN 3” tag.

As previously mentioned, each network node of real time network A may beconfigured with any of the features of the embodiments described above.For example, node 530, coupled to port A, may include a functional unitconfigured to segregate and queue network packets based on VLAN tags.Thus, the NIC of node 530 may include a plurality of second trafficreceive packet queues and each second traffic receive packet queue maybe configured to store received packets from respective networkscarrying second traffic, including a first second traffic receive packetqueue configured to store packets received from real time network B.Additionally, the NIC may include a corresponding plurality of secondtraffic transmit packet queues, and each second traffic transmit packetqueue may be configured to store packets received from EB530 for therespective networks carrying second traffic. Thus, a first secondtraffic transmit packet queue may correspond to the first second trafficreceive packet queue and store packets for transmission to real timenetwork B. Also, the functional unit of the node 530 may be coupled tothe plurality of second traffic receive packet queues and the pluralityof second traffic transmit packet queues and configured to queue taggedpackets received from port A in the first second traffic receive packetqueue for subsequent provision to EB530. Additionally, the functionalunit may be configured to queue packets received from EB530 in the firstsecond traffic transmit packet queue and insert the VLAN tag indicatingreal time network B, e.g., “VLAN 3,” into each packet received from thefirst second traffic transmit packet queue before forwarding the packetto port A of network switch 500.

FIG. 6 is an example of an alternate topology of a system allowinginteroperability between real time networks, such as real time networkA, carrying first traffic, and real time network B, carrying secondtraffic. In such a topology, the real time network A may include one ormore network nodes and switches, such as nodes 610-630 and networkswitch 600. Note that embedded devices EB610-630 may be included in orcoupled to respective nodes 610-630. Additionally, as shown, node 630may be configured as a bridge between the real time networks. Real timenetwork B may include nodes 640-650 where embedded devices EB640 andEB650 are included in or coupled to respective nodes 640 and 650. Inorder for node 630 to function as a bridge between the networks, it mayinclude both a network switch and NIC configured with embodiments of thepresent invention to allow VLAN tagging of packets received from realtime network B, e.g., node 640. Additionally, node 620 may also includea network switch and NIC configured with embodiments of the presentinvention to allow forwarding of VLAN tagged packets to otherdestinations within real time network A, such as node 610 via networkswitch 600, which each may include embodiments of the present inventionto allow forwarding and segregation of VLAN tagged packets.

FIG. 7 is an example topology of another alternate system allowinginteroperability between real time network A, carrying first traffic(which, as defined above, may include first real time traffic and besteffort traffic), and real time networks B, carrying second traffic(which, as defined above, may only include second real time traffic). Insuch a topology, the real time network A may include multiple networknodes, each coupled to a respective real time network B. Thus, forexample, node 720 may be coupled to real time network B1 which includesnodes 722-728, node 730 may be coupled to real time network B2 whichincludes nodes 732-738, and node 740 may be coupled to real time networkB3 which includes nodes 742-748. Additionally, each of real timenetworks B may be assigned a specific VLAN tag indicating the network.For example, packets received from node 722 may be tagged with a “VLAN2” tag whereas packets received from node 732 may be tagged with a “VLAN3” tag and packets received from node 742 may be tagged with a “VLAN 4”tag. Further, each of the nodes 720-740 may include both a NIC and anetwork switch, each configured according to an embodiment of thepresent invention allowing for the management of tagged packets. Also,node 710, which may be coupled to or include embedded device 710, may beconfigured according to an embodiment of the present invention to managepackets received from each of the respective real time networks B. Thus,node 710 may be configured with a respective second traffic receivepacket queue and a respective second traffic transmit packet queue foreach respective real time networks B. In other words, node 710 mayinclude a send/receive queue pair associated with each VLAN tag, e.g., asend/receive queue pair for “VLAN 2” tagged packets, a send/receivequeue pair for “VLAN 3” tagged packets, and a send/receive queue pairfor “VLAN 4” tagged packets. Additionally, node 710 may include asend/receive queue pair for first traffic packets, such as thosegenerated by real-time camera 750 and received via node 720 fromInternet/LAN 165.

FIG. 8 is an example topology of yet another alternate system allowinginteroperability between real time network A, carrying first traffic andnetworks 830-850, carrying second traffic. In such a system, theinteroperability between the networks may be managed by network switch800 configured in accordance with embodiments of the present invention.Thus, network switch 800 may be configured to tag packets received fromnetwork 830 with a “VLAN 3” tag, packets received from network 840 witha “VLAN 2” tag, and packets received from network 850 with a “VLAN 1”tag. Also, similar to node 710, nodes 810 and 820 may be configured tosegregate packets received from and destined for each of networks830-850 in respective send/receive queue pairs while also segregatingnetwork packets from real time network A and Ethernet packets receivedvia network switch 800 from Internet/LAN 165.

FIGS. 9A-9B—Flowcharts of Methods for Interoperating Between Real TimeNetworks

FIGS. 9A-B illustrate methods for configuring interoperability between afirst real time network and one or more second real time networks,according to one embodiment. The first real time network may carry firsttraffic comprising best effort traffic and first real time traffic andthe one or more second real time networks may carry only second realtime traffic. The methods shown in FIGS. 9A-B may be used in conjunctionwith any of the systems or devices shown in any of the Figures describedherein, among other devices. In various embodiments, some of the methodelements shown may be performed concurrently, in a different order thanshown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may also beperformed as desired. As shown, the method illustrated in FIG. 9A mayoperate as follows.

First, in 902 at least one port of a plurality of ports of a networkswitch may be configured to couple to the first real time network whichmay carry first traffic.

In 904, one or more ports of the plurality of ports may be configured torespectively couple to one of the one or more second real time networkswhich may carry second traffic.

In 906, switch circuitry of the network switch may be configured with amapping that specifies data routing between the plurality of ports. Inone embodiment, the switch circuitry may include one or more functionalunits. In such embodiments, configuration of the switch circuitry mayinclude configuration of the one or more functional elements.Additionally, in certain embodiments, the network switch may be includedin a network node. In such embodiments, the network node may beconfigured as a bridge between the first real time network and at leastone of the one or more second real time networks.

In 908, the switch circuitry may be configured to route packets betweenthe first real time network and the one or more second real timenetworks based on the mapping to maintain real time behavior between thefirst real time traffic and the second real time traffic.

In 910, the switch circuitry may be configured to insert routinginformation in packets which may be routed from the one or more secondreal time networks to the first real time network.

In 912, the switch circuitry may be configured to remove routinginformation from the packets routed from the first real time network tothe one or more second real time networks.

In 914, the switch circuitry may be configured to route packets todistinct queues for the first traffic and the second traffic forprocessing by an application executing on at least one device.Additionally, the routing of the packets to the distinct queues may beperformed based on the mapping. Further, in one embodiment, the distinctqueues may include first queue pairs associated with first traffic andone or more second queue pairs associated with second traffic. In suchembodiments, the switch circuitry may be further configured to timestamp ingress and egress of packets to/from the first queue pairs andthe one or more second queue pairs. Further, the application maycorrelate clock synchronization information of the first real timenetwork and one or more second real time networks based on the timestamps.

Turning to FIG. 9B, in 952, packets may be routed between a first realtime network and one or more second real time networks based on amapping that may specify the routing. The mapping may maintain the realtime behavior between the first real time traffic and the second realtime traffic.

In 954, routing information may be inserted in packets routed from theone or more second real time networks to the first real time network.

In 956, routing information may be removed from the packets routed fromthe first real time network to the one or more second real timenetworks.

In 958, packets may be routed to distinct queues for the first trafficand the second traffic for processing by an application executing on atleast one device and the routing of the packets to the distinct queuesmay be performed based on the mapping. In one embodiment, the distinctqueues may include first queue pairs associated with first traffic andone or more second queue pairs associated with second traffic. In suchembodiments, the method may further include time stamping ingress andegress of packets to/from the first queue pairs and the one or moresecond queue pairs. Accordingly, the application may correlate clocksynchronization information of the first real time network and one ormore second real time networks based on the time stamps.

FIG. 10—Flowchart of a Method for Interoperating Between Real TimeNetworks

FIG. 10 illustrates a method for interoperating between a first realtime network and one or more second real time networks, according to oneembodiment. As described above, the first real time network may carryfirst traffic comprising best effort traffic and first real time trafficand the one or more second real time networks may carry only second realtime traffic. The method shown in FIG. 10 may be used in conjunctionwith any of the methods, systems or devices shown in any of the Figuresdescribed herein, among other devices. In various embodiments, some ofthe method elements shown may be performed concurrently, in a differentorder than shown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may alsobe performed as desired. As shown, the method illustrated in FIG. 10 mayoperate as follows.

First, in 1002 packets may be routed between a first real time networkand one or more second real time networks. The routing may be specifiedby a mapping. As noted above, the mapping may maintain the real timebehavior between the first real time traffic and the second real timetraffic.

At 1004, routing information may be inserted in packets routed from theone or more second real time networks to the first real time network.

At 1006, routing information may be removed from the packets routed fromthe first real time network to the one or more second real timenetworks.

At 1008, packets may be routed to distinct queues for the first trafficand the second traffic for processing by an application executing on atleast one device. In one embodiment, routing of the packets to thedistinct queues may be performed based on the mapping.

Note that the above described method, in an exemplary embodiment, may beused in conjunction with the methods described above in reference toFIGS. 9A and 9B. In particular, the methods of FIGS. 9A and 9B mayconfigure a system to perform the method described above in reference toFIG. 10. Of course, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art, themethod described above may be used independently or in conjunction withother methods.

FIGS. 11-13: Systems and Methods for Synchronizing a Master ClockBetween Networks

The systems and methods described below may allow for thesynchronization between real time networks using differing real timeprotocols. For example, in one embodiment a real-time data transfernetworks not conforming to the IEEE 802.1 standard for real time datatransfer may be synchronized with real time networks conforming to theIEEE 802.1 standard for real-time data transfer. Note that many non-IEEE802.1 real time networks implement proprietary clock synchronizationschemes. Thus, in order to be fully interoperative with an IEEE 802.1compliant real time network, the network clock synchronization of theIEEE 802.1 compliant real time network may be required to be mapped toeach non-IEEE 802.1 compliant real time network that it may be coupledto. In more general terms, the systems and methods below allow for clocksynchronization between real time networks operating according todiffering protocols.

FIG. 11: Exemplary Block Diagram of a NIC

FIG. 11 is a block diagram of an exemplary NIC (network interfacecontroller) for synchronizing clocks between real time networks. NIC1100 may be similar to the NICs described above. In some embodiments theNIC 1100 may include a functional unit, such as functional unit 1130,coupled to a port, such as port 1110. Additionally, the NIC may includea clock, such as clock 1132 coupled to the functional unit andsynchronized to a master clock, such as Master Clock 1152 of real timenetwork 1150. In some embodiments, the master clock may be included in anetwork switch of the real time network. In other embodiments, themaster clock may be external to the real time network, such as anexternal network timekeeper. In certain embodiments, the master clockmay be synchronized to a global clock external to the real time network.

The clock may also be coupled to a time stamp unit (TSU), such as TSU1134. The TSU may also be coupled to the functional unit. In someembodiments, the TSU may be included in the physical layer of the NIC.Further, the NIC may include a plurality of input/output queue pairs,such as Rx (receive) queues 1120 a-1120 n and Tx (transmit) queues 1140a-1140 n coupled to the functional unit and the port, for segregation ofnetwork packets based on a mapping of one more real time networks torespective output (e.g., Tx) queues. For example, input queue 1120 a mayhave a corresponding output queue 1140 a, and both may correspond toreal time network 1160. Additionally, the input queues may be receivepacket queues as discussed above and the output queues may be transmitpacket queues as discussed above.

For each of the respective real time networks, the functional unit maybe configured to generate synchronization packets usable by a networktimekeeper, e.g., a clock that is synchronized to a master clock, of therespective real time network to synchronize the respective real timenetwork to the master clock. In one embodiment, this may include usingthe TSU to generate time stamps for the synchronization packets inaccordance with the clock synchronized to the master clock andcommunicate with the respective real time network via the port using thecorresponding input/output queue pair. In other words, the functionalunit may store the synchronization packets in respective output (e.g.,Tx) queues based on the mapping and send the synchronization packets tothe network timekeeper of the respective real time network via the port.

In an exemplary embodiment, the functional may be further configured toegress the synchronization packets via the output queue of the at leastone input/output queue pair based on a specified egress period. Thespecified egress period may specify a time window and frequency foregressing the synchronization packets.

Thus, for example, functional unit 1130 may generate synchronizationpackets usable by timekeeper 1162 of real time network 1160 tosynchronize real time network 1160 to master clock 1152 of real timenetwork 1150. Additionally, to generate the synchronization packets,functional unit 1130 may use TSU 1134 to generate time stamps for thesynchronization packets in accordance clock 1132, synchronized to masterclock 1152 of real time network 1150. Then, functional unit 1130 maycommunicate with real time network 1160 via port 1110 using Rx queue1120 a and Tx queue 1140 a, including sending the synchronizationpackets to timekeeper 1162 of real time network 1160.

It should be noted, that real time network 1150 may be required toinclude embodiments of the functionality discussed above to allow forthe interoperability between real time networks 1150 and 1160. Thus, thesynchronization packets sent by NIC 1100 may be tagged packets asdescribed in detail above.

In some embodiments, the NIC may be included in a network node. In oneembodiment, the network node may include the NIC and a network switch.

FIG. 12: Exemplary System for Synchronizing Clocks Between a Real TimeNetworks

FIG. 12 is an illustration of an exemplary system for synchronizingclocks between a real time networks. As shown, the system may includenetwork switch 1200 and nodes 1210 and 1220. Network switch 1200 may besimilar in functionality to the network switches previously described.Thus, network switch 1200 may include a functional unit configured tomanage data flow between real time networks. In this particular example,network switch 1200 includes ports A-E. Port B may be configured tocouple to real time network 1230 which includes nodes 1232-1238. Notethat real time network A may carry first traffic, including first realtime traffic and best effort traffic whereas real time networks 1230 and1240 may carry second traffic, including only second real time traffic.Note that real time networks A, 1230, and 1240 may each operateaccording to different real time protocols. Accordingly, in oneembodiment, real time network A may operate according to IEEE 802.1while real time networks 1230 and 1240 may operate according to non-IEEE802.1 protocols.

Thus, in one embodiment, the functional unit may be configured to inserta VLAN tag indicating real time network 1230 in packets received fromnode 1232 via port B. Similarly, port C may be configured to couple toreal time network 1240 which includes nodes 1242-1248. Thus, thefunctional unit may also be configured to insert a VLAN tag indicatingreal time network 1240 in packets received from node 1242 via port C.

Nodes 1210 and 1220 may each include a NIC configured similarly to NIC1100 of FIG. 11. Therefore, nodes 1210 and 1220 may each include a clocksynchronized to a master clock. In this particular example, the clockincluded in network switch 1200 may be configured as the master clock.Thus, the clocks of nodes 1210 and 1220 may each be synchronized to theclock of network switch 1200. Note that since nodes 1210 and 1220 eachincludes a clock synchronized to a master clock, both are consideredtimekeepers of the real time network A. Additionally, the master clockof network switch 1200 may be synchronized to a global clock, such asthe global clock of Internet/LAN 165.

Further, node 1220 may be configured to propagate its clock viasynchronization packets to node 1232, the timekeeper of real timenetwork 1230. Additionally, node 1210 may be configured to propagate itsclock via synchronization packets to node 1242, the timekeeper of realtime network 1240. Note that each real time network incorporates its ownmechanism of synchronizing clocks within each network, thus, bysynchronizing the timekeeper for the network, the entire network may besynchronized with the network node sending the synchronization packets.Thus, each node of real time network 1230 may be synchronized with node1220 and each node of real time network 1240 may; be synchronized withnode 1210. Therefore, all networks may be synchronized end-to-end.

FIGS. 13-14: Flowcharts for Methods for Synchronizing Clocks BetweenReal Time Networks

FIGS. 13 and 14 illustrate embodiments of methods for synchronization ofnetwork timekeepers (e.g., clocks) of one or more real time networks.The methods shown in FIGS. 13 and 14 may be used in conjunction with anyof the methods, systems or devices shown in any of the Figures describedherein, among other devices. In various embodiments, some of the methodelements shown may be performed concurrently, in a different order thanshown, or may be omitted. Additional method elements may also beperformed as desired. As shown, the method illustrated in FIG. 13 mayoperate as follows.

In 1302 a functional unit may be configured to, for each of one or morereal time networks, generate synchronization packets based on a masterclock and usable by a network timekeeper of the real time network tosynchronize the real time network to the master clock. The functionalunit may be comprised in a NIC, such as NIC 1100 described above.

In 1304, the functional unit to may be configured to store thesynchronization packets in a respective output queue based on a mappingof the one or more real time networks to respective output queues. Notethat the functional unit may be configured to store the synchronizationpackets for each of one or more real time networks.

In 1306, the functional unit may be configured to send thesynchronization packets to the network timekeeper of the real timenetwork for each of the one or more real time networks

In certain embodiments, the method may further include the functionalunit being configured to generate synchronization packets usable by anetwork timekeeper of the respective real time network to synchronizethe real time network to the master clock, including using the TSU togenerate time stamps for the synchronization packets in accordance withthe clock synchronized to the master clock. Additionally, the functionalunit may communicate with the respective real time network via a portusing the corresponding input/output queue pair, including sending thesynchronization packets to the real time network timekeeper of therespective real time network.

In an exemplary embodiment, the functional unit may be furtherconfigured to egress the synchronization packets via the output queue ofthe at least one input/output queue pair based on a specified egressperiod, wherein the specified egress period specifies a time window andfrequency for egressing the synchronization packets. Further, the methodmay include the function unit egressing the synchronization packets viathe output queue of the at least one input/output queue pair based on aspecified egress period, wherein the specified egress period specifies atime window and frequency for egressing the synchronization packets.

Turning now to FIG. 14, a method for synchronizing one or more real timenetworks may operate as follows.

At 1402, synchronization packets based on a master clock and usable by anetwork timekeeper of the real time network to synchronize the real timenetwork to the master clock may be generated for each of one or morereal time networks. Note that the real time networks may each operateaccording to different protocols. For example, one of the real timenetworks may carry first traffic that may include both best efforttraffic and first real time traffic whereas another one of the real timenetworks may carry second traffic that may include only second real timetraffic. Additionally, real time networks carrying second traffic mayeach include proprietary synchronization and communication protocolssuch that the real time networks may not be interoperable.

At 1404, the synchronization packets for each of the one or more realtime networks may be stored in a respective output queue based on amapping of the one or more real time networks to respective outputqueues.

At 1406, the synchronization packets for each of the one or more realtime networks may be sent to the network timekeeper of the real timenetwork.

FIGS. 15-18: Systems and Methods for Scheduled Data Egress from aNetwork Switch

Embodiments of the systems and methods described below may allow for thescheduled egress of data from a network switch, and may allow thescheduling overhead of a network node to be offloaded to a networkswitch. Thus, the network node may send a plurality of packets to thenetwork switch that need to be scheduled and the network switch mayschedule and send the packets at the scheduled time.

FIG. 15: Exemplary Block Diagram of a Network Switch Configured forScheduled Data Egress

FIG. 15 is an exemplary block diagram of a network switch configured forscheduled data egress according to one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15,a network switch, such as network switch 1500, may include switchcircuitry, such as switch circuitry 1520. Additionally, the networkswitch may include a plurality of ports, such as ports 1510 a-1510 d,and each port may be coupled to the switch circuitry and associated witha respective set of network addresses for packets. Each port may befurther configured with a respective set of egress periods, where eachpacket has a destination address and a type that specifies a respectiveegress period, where each egress period may specify a respective timewindow and frequency for egressing packets to network nodes based on thetype of the packets. Further, the network switch may include a pluralityof queues, coupled to the plurality of ports and the switch circuitry,such as queues 1521 a-1521 n coupled to port 1510 a, queues 1522 a-1522n coupled to port 1510 b, queues 1523 a-1523 n coupled to port 1510 c,and queues 1524 a-1524 n coupled to port 1510 d. Also, each queue may beassociated with a respective packet type and a respective port of theplurality of ports. Note that in one embodiment, the switch circuitrymay include one or more functional units.

In certain embodiments, the switch circuitry may be configured toreceive one or more packets asynchronously from a network node via afirst port. Thus, for example, switch circuitry 1520 may receive one ormore packets asynchronously from a network node via port 1510 a. In someembodiments, the first port may be configured to couple to anode ofanother real time network. Note that the other real time network may notbe interoperable with the real time network in which switch 1500 islocated. In such embodiments, the methods and systems described abovemay be used to enable interoperability. Additionally, the switchcircuitry may be configured to determine a second port, such as port1510 b for egressing at least one of the one or more packets based onthe destination address of the at least one packet. In some embodiments,the second port may be configured to couple to a node of another realtime network. Further, the switch circuitry may be configured todetermine an egress period for egressing the at least one packet basedon the type of the at least one packet. Also, the switch circuitry maybe configured to determine that the at least one packet cannot currentlybe egressed from the second port. In some embodiments, to determine thata respective time window for egress of the at least one packet isclosed, the switch circuitry may be further configured to determine thatthere is already a queued packet of the same type queued in the firstqueue for egress from the second port or determine that the second portis currently egressing a packet.

In response to determining that the at least one packet cannot currentlybe egressed, the switch circuitry may queue the at least one packet in afirst queue of the plurality of queues based on the respective packettype and destination address, where the first queue is associated withthe second port. For example, switch circuitry 1520 may determine thatport 1510 b cannot currently egress the at least one packet and, inresponse, may queue the at least one packet in queue 1522 b.

The switch circuitry may be additionally configured to egress the atleast one packet in the respective time window from the second port.Thus, for example, switch circuitry 1520 may egress the at least onepacket via port 1510 b in the respective time window for port 1510 b. Insome embodiments, the at least one packet may include two or morepackets. In such embodiments, the respective time window of thedetermine egress period may be specified to allow the egress of one ofthe two or more packets. In certain embodiments where the at least onepacket may include two or more packets, specifying the respective timewindow of the determined egress may include determining a quantity ofthe two or more packets to egress each egress period and configuring therespective time window to allow the egress of the quantity each egressperiod. In some embodiments, where two or more ports of the networkswitch may be configured to couple to respective real time networks,packets for each of the two or ports may be scheduled to egressconcurrently, thus allowing two or more real time networks to receivepackets concurrently.

FIG. 16: Illustration of a Time-Based Scheduled Egress from a NetworkSwitch

FIG. 16 is an illustration of an exemplary schedule for a time-baseddata egress from a network switch, such as network switch 1500. At timeA, packets 1-4 may be asynchronously ingressed to the network switch andqueued as described above. For simplification, it is assumed that allpackets egressed at time A are of the same packet type and samedestination address. Additionally, for simplicity, it is assumed thatthe egress period is specified such that a single packet egresses eachegress period. Then, at time B, packet 1 is dequeued and egressed.During the egress of packet 1, the “window of time” is “open”, allowingthe packet to be egressed. Then, after a specified duration, the “windowof time” is “closed” and the switch waits for the next egress period tobegin. At time C, packet 2 is dequeued and egressed. Similarly, at timesD and E, packets 3 and 4, respectively, are dequeued and egressed. Insuch a manner, packets received asynchronously at the network may beegressed on a time-based schedule.

FIGS. 17 and 18: Flowcharts of Methods for Scheduled Data Egress

FIGS. 17 and 18 illustrate methods for scheduled data egress, accordingto some embodiments. The methods shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 may be used inconjunction with any of the methods, systems or devices shown in any ofthe Figures described herein, among other devices. In variousembodiments, some of the method elements shown may be performedconcurrently, in a different order than shown, or may be omitted.Additional method elements may also be performed as desired. As shown,the method illustrated in FIG. 17 may operate as follows.

In 1702, a network switch may be configured to receive network packetsnon-deterministically from a network node of a real time network. Eachnetwork packet may have respective routing information and a type thatmay specify a respective egress period. The network switch may include aplurality of ports and each port may be configured with a respective setof routing information and a respective set of egress periods.Additionally, each port may be associated with respective queues for theegress periods.

In 1704, the network switch may be configured to deterministically routethe network packets based on the routing information and type of eachnetwork packet. The configuration of the network switch may include thefollowing method elements.

In 1714, the network switch may be configured to determine a port of theplurality of ports for each network packet based on the routinginformation of the network packet.

In 1724, the network switch may be configured to determine an egressperiod for each network packet based on the type of the network packet.

In 1734, the network switch may be configured to, for each networkpacket that cannot currently be egressed, store the network packet in aqueue coupled to the port based on the egress period.

In 1744, the network switch may be configured to, for each networkpacket that cannot currently be egressed, egress the network packet fromthe port during the egress period. Hence, the network switch may beconfigured to deterministically egress the network packet.

In further embodiments of the method, the network switch may receive oneor more packets asynchronously from a network node via a first port anddetermine a second port of a plurality of ports for egressing at leastone of the one or more the packets based on the destination address ofthe at least one packet. Additionally, the network switch may determinean egress period for egressing the at least one packet based on the typeof the at least one packet and determine that the at least one packetcannot currently be egressed from the second port. Also, the switchcircuitry may queue the at least one packet in a first queue of theplurality of queues based on the respective packet type and destinationaddress in response to determining that the at least one packet cannotcurrently be egressed, where the first queue is associated with thesecond port. Accordingly, the at least one packet may be egressed in therespective time window from the second port.

In certain embodiments of the method, the network switch, in order todetermine that the at least one packet cannot currently be egressed, maydetermine that a respective time window for egress of the at least onepacket is closed, determine that there is already a queued packet of thesame type queued in the first queue for egress from the second port, ordetermine that the second port is currently egressing a packet.

In other embodiments of the method, the packet may include two or morepackets. In such embodiments, the respective time window of thedetermined egress period may be specified to allow the egress of one ofthe two or more packets. Alternatively, specifying the respective timewindow of the determined egress may include the switch circuitrydetermining a quantity of the two or more packets to egress each egressperiod and configuring the respective time window to allow the egress ofthe quantity each egress period.

Further, as illustrated in FIG. 18, a switch may perform a method foregressing packets (e.g., network packets) as follows.

In 1802, a network switch may receive network packetsnon-deterministically from a network node of a real time network. Eachnetwork packet may have respective routing information and a type thatmay specify a respective egress period. The network switch may include aplurality of ports and each port may be configured with a respective setof routing information and a respective set of egress periods.Additionally, each port may be associated with respective queues for theegress periods.

In 1804, the network switch may deterministically route the networkpackets based on the routing information and type of each networkpacket. The deterministic routing of the network switch may include thefollowing method elements.

In 1814, the network switch may determine a port of the plurality ofports for each network packet based on the routing information of thenetwork packet.

In 1824, the network switch may determine an egress period for eachnetwork packet based on the type of the network packet.

In 1834, the network switch may, for each network packet that cannotcurrently be egressed, store the network packet in a queue coupled tothe port based on the egress period.

In 1844, the network switch may, for each network packet that cannotcurrently be egressed, egress the network packet from the port duringthe egress period. Hence, the network switch may deterministicallyegress the network packet.

Although the embodiments above have been described in considerabledetail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent tothose skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated.It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace allsuch variations and modifications.

We claim:
 1. A system for interoperating between a first real timenetwork and one or more second real time networks, the systemcomprising: a plurality of ports, comprising: at least one port coupledto the first real time network, wherein the first real time networkcarries first traffic comprising best effort traffic and first real timetraffic; and one or more ports coupled respectively to the one or moresecond real time networks, wherein each of the one or more second realtime networks carries second traffic comprising only second real timetraffic; and switch circuitry, coupled to the plurality of ports,wherein the switch circuitry is configured with a mapping that specifiesdata routing between the plurality of ports; wherein the switchcircuitry is configured to route packets between the first real timenetwork and the one or more second real time networks based on themapping, thereby maintaining real time behavior between the first realtime traffic and the second real time traffic, wherein the switchcircuitry inserts routing information in packets routed from the one ormore second real time networks to the first real time network, andwherein the switch circuitry removes routing information from thepackets routed from the first real time network to the one or moresecond real time networks; wherein the switch circuitry is configured toroute packets to distinct queues for the first traffic and the secondtraffic for processing by an application executing on at least onedevice, wherein said routing of the packets to the distinct queues isperformed based on the mapping.
 2. The system of claim 1, wherein thedistinct queues comprise first queue pairs associated with first trafficand one or more second queue pairs associated with second traffic,wherein the switch circuitry is further configured to time stamp ingressand egress of packets to/from the first queue pairs and the one or moresecond queue pairs, wherein the application correlates clocksynchronization information of the first real time network and one ormore second real time networks based on the time stamps.
 3. The systemof claim 1, wherein the switch circuitry further comprises: one or morefunctional units, configured to perform said routing packets between thefirst real time network and the one or more second real time networks,and said routing packets to distinct queues.
 4. The system of claim 3,wherein at least one of the one or more functional units is comprised ina network switch.
 5. The system of claim 4, wherein at least one otherof the one or more functional units is comprised in the at least onedevice.
 6. The system of claim 5, wherein a network node comprises: thenetwork switch; and the at least one device.
 7. The system of claim 6,wherein the network node is configured as a bridge between the firstreal time network and at least one of the one or more second real timenetworks.
 8. A method for configuring interoperability between a firstreal time network and one or more second real time networks, wherein thefirst real time network carries first traffic comprising best efforttraffic and first real time traffic, and wherein the one or more secondreal time networks carry only second real time traffic, the methodcomprising: configuring a network switch, comprising a plurality ofports and switch circuitry coupled to the plurality of ports, whereinsaid configuring comprises: configuring one or more ports of theplurality of ports to respectively couple to one of the one or moresecond real time networks; and configuring at least one port of theplurality of ports to couple to the first real time network; andconfiguring the switch circuitry with a mapping that specifies datarouting between the plurality of ports; and configuring the switchcircuitry to: route packets between the first real time network and theone or more second real time networks based on the mapping, therebymaintaining real time behavior between the first real time traffic andthe second real time traffic; insert routing information in packetsrouted from the one or more second real time networks to the first realtime network; remove routing information from the packets routed fromthe first real time network to the one or more second real timenetworks; and route packets to distinct queues for the first traffic andthe second traffic for processing by an application executing on atleast one device, wherein said routing of the packets to the distinctqueues is performed based on the mapping.
 9. The method of claim 8,wherein the distinct queues comprise first queue pairs associated withfirst traffic and one or more second queue pairs associated with secondtraffic, the method further comprising: configuring the switch circuitryto: time stamp ingress and egress of packets to/from the first queuepairs and the one or more second queue pairs, wherein the applicationcorrelates clock synchronization information of the first real timenetwork and one or more second real time networks based on the timestamps.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein the switch circuitrycomprises one or more functional units, configured to perform saidrouting packets between the first real time network and the one or moresecond real time networks, said inserting routing information, saidremoving routing information, and said routing packets to distinctqueues.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein a network node comprises thenetwork switch.
 12. The method of claim 11, further comprising:configuring the network node as a bridge between the first real timenetwork and at least one of the one or more second real time networks.13. A method for interoperating between a first real time network andone or more second real time networks, wherein the first real timenetwork carries first traffic comprising best effort traffic and firstreal time traffic, and wherein the one or more second real time networkscarry only second real time traffic, the method comprising: routingpackets between the first real time network and the one or more secondreal time networks based on a mapping that specifies said routing,thereby maintaining real time behavior between the first real timetraffic and the second real time traffic; inserting routing informationin packets routed from the one or more second real time networks to thefirst real time network; removing routing information from the packetsrouted from the first real time network to the one or more second realtime networks; and routing packets to distinct queues for the firsttraffic and the second traffic for processing by an applicationexecuting on at least one device, wherein said routing of the packets tothe distinct queues is performed based on the mapping.
 14. The method ofclaim 13, wherein the distinct queues comprise first queue pairsassociated with first traffic and one or more second queue pairsassociated with second traffic, the method further comprising: timestamping ingress and egress of packets to/from the first queue pairs andthe one or more second queue pairs, wherein the application correlatesclock synchronization information of the first real time network and oneor more second real time networks based on the time stamps.
 15. Themethod of claim 13, wherein one or more functional units perform saidrouting packets between the first real time network and the one or moresecond real time networks, said inserting routing information, saidremoving routing information, and said routing packets to distinctqueues.
 16. A system for interoperating between a first real timenetwork and one or more second real time networks, the systemcomprising: a network switch, comprising: at least one port coupled tothe first real time network, wherein the first real time network carriesfirst traffic comprising best effort traffic and first real timetraffic; and one or more ports coupled respectively to the one or moresecond real time networks, wherein each of the one or more second realtime networks carries second traffic comprising only second real timetraffic; and switch circuitry, coupled to the ports, wherein the switchcircuitry is configured with a mapping that specifies data routingbetween the ports; wherein the switch circuitry is configured to routepackets between the first real time network and the one or more secondreal time networks based on the mapping, thereby maintaining real timebehavior between the first real time traffic and the second real timetraffic, wherein the switch circuitry inserts routing information inpackets routed from the one or more second real time networks to thefirst real time network, and wherein the switch circuitry removesrouting information from the packets routed from the first real timenetwork to the one or more second real time networks; and a first devicecoupled to the switch, wherein an application executes on the firstdevice, wherein the first device comprises at least two first queuepairs for the first traffic and one or more respective second queuepairs for the second traffic for the one or more second real timenetworks; wherein the switch circuitry is configured to route packets toone or more queues of the first queue pairs and to one or more queues ofthe respective second queue pairs for processing by the applicationexecuting on the first device based on the mapping.
 17. The system ofclaim 16, wherein the first device is configured to time stamp ingressand egress of packets to/from the first queues and the second queues,wherein the application correlates clock synchronization information ofthe first real time network and one or more second real time networksbased on the time stamps.
 18. The system of claim 16, wherein the switchcircuitry further comprises: one or more functional units, configured toperform said routing packets between the first real time network and theone or more second real time networks, said inserting routinginformation, said removing routing information, and said routing packetsto distinct queues.
 19. The system of claim 16, wherein a network nodecomprises: the network switch; and the first device.
 20. The system ofclaim 19, wherein the network node is configured as a bridge between thefirst real time network and at least one of the one or more second realtime networks.